Positive Peace Education in Kazakhstan project (
www.positivepeacekazakhstan.com) involves researchers from NU GSE, Cambridge University and the National Academy of Education named after Y. Altynsarin, together with teachers working in schools across Kazakhstan. It aims to explore and develop concepts of peace education relevant to the contexts of schools, teachers and students in Kazakhstan.
The concept of “positive peace education” derives from Johan Galtung’s (1969) distinction between negative peace and positive peace. In Galtung’s (1969) theory, terminating direct violence is defined as negative peace. Halting direct violence is important, but it does not address the root causes that may bring turbulence and discord between people, groups and societies. Positive peace is a much wider and more lasting phenomenon as it seeks to create conditions for a just and equitable society, addressing the structural and cultural violence that underlie much direct violence.
Grounded within this paradigm, positive peace education emphasizes the leading role of education in building and sustaining peace. By empowering teachers and learners with competences and knowledge that value peace, inclusion, and justice across all levels and all forms of education, it is possible to ensure positive and meaningful engagement of people with themselves, with others and with society. In this project, we see positive peace education as a multidimensional phenomenon that spans from the individual level, where the focus is on inner peace and wellbeing, through interpersonal relationships and community dynamics, to the global and ecological levels.